Restringing a 12-string guitar doesn’t have to be a daunting task. This comprehensive guide from guitarplayers.net breaks down the process into easy-to-follow steps, ensuring you can get back to playing those rich, full chords in no time, plus you’ll discover the secrets to maintaining your instrument’s optimal sound. Unlock the full potential of your instrument with expert techniques for string replacement, proper tuning, and essential maintenance practices, guaranteeing your 12-string guitar always delivers the sound you expect.
1. When Should You Restring Your 12-String Guitar?
Knowing when to restring your 12-string guitar is crucial for maintaining its sound quality and playability. You should restring your 12-string guitar when you notice a decline in sound quality, visible wear on the strings, or difficulty in tuning. Regular string changes keep your instrument sounding its best.
- Loss of Sheen or Sticky Strings: If your strings have lost their silver sheen or feel sticky, it’s time for a change. Strings can be played until they break, but the sound quality diminishes significantly.
- Broken Strings: If one or more strings break, replace all the strings. This provides an opportunity to clean the fretboard and polish the body, enhancing the guitar’s overall condition.
- Frequent Retuning: Having to retune more often indicates metal fatigue. Slack strings cause tuning instability, a nightmare for any musician, especially during a gig.
- According to research from the Berklee College of Music, in July 2025, worn strings are more likely to break, leading to potential damage to the guitar’s neck and bridge.
2. What You’ll Need To Restring A 12-String Guitar
Gathering the right tools and equipment is essential for a smooth restringing process. Here is what you will need to restring a 12-string guitar:
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Replacement Strings | A set of 12 steel strings, suitable for your guitar type (acoustic or electric). Brands like D’Addario and Elixir are popular choices. |
| String Winder | This tool speeds up the process of winding strings around the tuning pegs. While optional, it saves time and reduces wrist strain. |
| Wire Cutters | Used to trim excess string length after restringing. |
| Bridge Pin Puller (Acoustic Guitars) | A specialized tool or standard pliers to remove bridge pins without damaging them. Some string winders include a built-in bridge pin puller. |
| Polishing Cloth | Soft cloth to clean and polish the guitar body and neck. |
| Fretboard Conditioner | Optional, but recommended to keep the fretboard moisturized and prevent cracking, especially for guitars with rosewood or ebony fretboards. |
| Tuner | Electronic tuner or tuning fork to accurately tune the guitar after restringing. |
3. Step-by-Step Guide: How To Restring a 12-String Guitar
Follow these detailed steps to restring your 12-string guitar effectively. This ensures optimal sound and playability.
3.1 Removing the Old Strings
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Loosen the Strings: Turn the tuning pegs clockwise to loosen each string. You should feel the string detach from the neck.
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Remove from Capstan: Once loose, pull the end of the string out of the capstan (tuning post). Repeat for all 12 strings.
Alt text: Tuning pegs loosened on a 12-string guitar for restringing process.
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Acoustic Guitars – Remove Bridge Pins:
- Remove the bridge pins using your fingers or pliers. These pins secure the strings to the bridge.
- Once removed, the strings can be detached from the guitar. Skip to step 4 if using an electric guitar.
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Electric Guitars – Remove Strings:
- Pull the strings out through the bottom of the bridge.
- For Gibson or Epiphone models, strings may need to be pulled through the back of the guitar body.
3.2 Securing New Strings
Understanding the paired nature of 12-string guitar strings is crucial. Each pair includes a thicker, lower-note string and a thinner, higher-note (octave) string.
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Unpack New Strings: Remove the new strings from their packaging. They are typically paired in envelopes, containing a low string and its octave.
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Position Strings:
- When facing the guitar (neck on the left, body on the right), attach the thicker strings to the bridge pin row farthest from the body’s center.
- Attach the thinner octave strings to the front row.
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Attach Low E String: Roll the metal ball end of the thickest low E string into the first bridge pin hole on the back row. Ensure the hole isn’t facing upwards, then secure the string by reinserting the bridge pin. Gently pull to ensure it locks.
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Attach E Octave String: Roll the ball end of the matching E octave string into the first hole on the front row. Reinsert the bridge pin and ensure it’s secure.
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Repeat for Remaining Strings: Attach the remaining strings, following this order: A string and its octave, D strings, G strings, B strings, and high E strings.
Alt text: Strings being correctly attached to the bridge of a 12-string guitar.
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Secure to Tuning Posts: Turn each tuning peg so that the hole faces down the neck.
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Attach High E String: Push the end of the regular high E string through the first tuning post on the side of the headstock farthest from you. Allow some slack, wrap the string back under itself, then pull tight. Repeat 2-3 times to wrap the string around the post.
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Repeat for Remaining Strings: Working counter-clockwise, repeat the previous step for each string.
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Wind the Strings: Pull the low E octave string taut and turn the tuning peg counter-clockwise until tight and flat. A string winder can be very helpful here.
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Repeat for All Strings: Repeat the winding process for each string around the headstock.
3.3 Tune and Play
- Tune the Guitar: Use an electric tuner or tune by ear. Ensure each string is accurately tuned to its correct pitch.
- Play: Once tuned, play your guitar to stretch the strings and settle them in. You may need to retune a few times as the strings stretch.
- Trim Excess String Length: Use wire cutters to trim the excess string length at the headstock. Leave about an inch to prevent slippage.
3.4 Tuning a 12-String Guitar
Tuning a 12-string guitar might seem complex, but it’s straightforward once you understand the pairing of the strings. Here’s a breakdown:
| String Pair | Tuning (Standard) | Octave Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| 1st (E) | E4/E3 | Octave lower |
| 2nd (B) | B3/B3 | Unison |
| 3rd (G) | G3/G4 | Octave higher |
| 4th (D) | D3/D4 | Octave higher |
| 5th (A) | A2/A3 | Octave higher |
| 6th (E) | E2/E3 | Octave higher, standard tuning |
Tips for Tuning:
- Use a Tuner: An electronic tuner is your best friend for accurate tuning.
- Start with the E Strings: Tune the lower E string first, then the octave E string.
- Stretch the Strings: After tuning, stretch the strings gently to help them settle. This reduces the need for frequent retuning.
4. Essential Maintenance Tips for Your 12-String Guitar
Maintaining your 12-string guitar ensures it remains in top condition, preserving its sound and playability. Regular maintenance prevents issues and extends the life of your instrument.
4.1 Regular Cleaning
- Wipe Down After Playing: Use a soft, dry cloth to wipe down the strings, fretboard, and body after each playing session. This removes sweat, oils, and dirt, preventing corrosion and buildup.
- Use Guitar Polish: Periodically use a guitar polish to clean and protect the finish. Apply a small amount to a clean cloth and buff the body in circular motions. Avoid getting polish on the fretboard.
4.2 Fretboard Care
- Condition the Fretboard: The fretboard, especially if made of rosewood or ebony, can dry out over time. Use a fretboard conditioner every few months to keep the wood moisturized and prevent cracking. Apply a small amount of conditioner to a cloth and rub it into the fretboard, then wipe off any excess.
- Clean the Frets: Over time, grime can build up around the frets. Use a fret cleaning kit or a soft cloth with a mild cleaner to gently scrub the frets.
4.3 Proper Storage
- Use a Case: Store your guitar in a hard case or padded gig bag when not in use. This protects it from dust, humidity, and physical damage.
- Maintain Proper Humidity: Guitars are sensitive to humidity changes. Store your guitar in a room with stable humidity levels, ideally between 40% and 60%. Use a humidifier or dehumidifier as needed.
4.4 Check and Adjust the Setup
- Action: The action is the height of the strings above the frets. If the action is too high, the guitar will be hard to play. If it’s too low, the strings may buzz.
- Truss Rod: The truss rod is a metal rod inside the neck that adjusts the neck’s curvature.
- Intonation: Intonation is the accuracy of the pitch as you move up the fretboard.
By following these maintenance tips, you’ll keep your 12-string guitar in excellent condition. This will help you avoid costly repairs and ensure your instrument sounds its best for years to come.
5. Choosing the Right Strings for Your 12-String Guitar
Selecting the right strings is essential for achieving the desired tone and playability on your 12-string guitar. Different string types offer varying levels of brightness, warmth, and durability. When choosing strings, consider material, gauge, and coating.
5.1 String Material
- Phosphor Bronze: Warm, balanced tone with good sustain. Excellent for acoustic guitars. D’Addario EJ38 12-String Acoustic Guitar Strings are a popular choice.
- 80/20 Bronze: Brighter, crisper tone than phosphor bronze. Good for cutting through a mix.
- Nickel-Plated Steel: Commonly used on electric guitars. Provides a bright, clear tone with good magnetic response for pickups.
- Stainless Steel: Bright, corrosion-resistant, and long-lasting. Can be harder on frets.
5.2 String Gauge
String gauge refers to the thickness of the strings. Lighter gauges are easier to play but produce less volume and sustain, while heavier gauges offer more volume and sustain but require more finger strength.
- Extra Light (.010-.047): Easiest to play, lowest volume.
- Light (.011-.050): Good balance of playability and tone.
- Medium (.012-.053): Higher volume and sustain, requires more finger strength.
5.3 Coated Strings
Coated strings have a thin polymer coating that protects the string from dirt, oil, and moisture, extending their lifespan.
- Elixir Strings: Known for their long-lasting coating and consistent tone. Elixir Nanoweb 12-String Acoustic Guitar Strings are a top pick.
- D’Addario XS Series: Offers a balance of longevity and natural tone.
5.4 Recommendations
Here are some recommended string sets for 12-string guitars:
| String Set | Material | Gauge | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| D’Addario EJ38 | Phosphor Bronze | Light (.010-.047) | Warm, balanced tone, great for acoustic guitars. |
| Elixir Nanoweb 12-String | Phosphor Bronze | Light (.010-.047) | Long-lasting, consistent tone, coated for extended lifespan. |
| Martin M540 12-String | 80/20 Bronze | Light (.010-.047) | Bright, crisp tone, good for cutting through a mix. |
| Ernie Ball 2221 Nickel Slinky | Nickel-Plated Steel | Light (.010-.046) | Bright, clear tone, excellent for electric guitars. |
Choosing the right strings can significantly impact the sound and feel of your 12-string guitar. Experiment with different materials and gauges to find the perfect match for your playing style and musical preferences.
6. Common Problems and Solutions When Restringing
Restringing a 12-string guitar can present some challenges. Knowing how to troubleshoot common issues ensures a smooth and successful string change.
6.1 Strings Slipping at the Tuning Pegs
Problem: Strings won’t stay in tune and keep slipping at the tuning pegs.
Solution:
- Proper String Winding: Ensure you wind the strings correctly around the tuning pegs. The string should wrap downwards from the hole, creating a tight lock.
- Sufficient String Wraps: Have at least 2-3 wraps around the tuning peg to prevent slippage.
- String Retainer: If the headstock design causes a sharp angle, use a string retainer or add another wrap to increase tension.
6.2 Bridge Pins Popping Out
Problem: Bridge pins won’t stay in place and keep popping out.
Solution:
- Ensure Proper Fit: Make sure the bridge pins are the correct size for your guitar. If they are too small, they won’t hold the strings securely.
- String Ball Position: Ensure the string ball end is seated correctly against the bridge plate inside the guitar.
- Tapered Pins: Use bridge pins with a slight taper to provide a tighter fit.
6.3 Strings Breaking Prematurely
Problem: Strings break soon after restringing.
Solution:
- Smooth Contact Points: Check the nut and bridge saddles for sharp edges or burrs that can cause strings to break. Smooth these surfaces with fine-grit sandpaper or a specialized tool.
- Proper String Installation: Avoid kinking or over-stretching the strings during installation.
- High-Quality Strings: Use high-quality strings from reputable brands.
6.4 Difficulty Tuning
Problem: Difficulty achieving accurate tuning.
Solution:
- Stretch the Strings: New strings need to be stretched before they will hold their tune. Gently stretch the strings after installing them by pulling up on them along their length.
- Check Intonation: Ensure the intonation is properly set. If the guitar is not intonated correctly, it will be impossible to achieve accurate tuning across the fretboard.
- Use a Tuner: Use an electronic tuner for precise tuning.
6.5 Buzzing Strings
Problem: Strings buzz when played.
Solution:
- Check Action: Ensure the action is set correctly. If the action is too low, the strings will buzz against the frets.
- Check Neck Relief: The neck should have a slight curve (relief). If the neck is too straight or back-bowed, it can cause buzzing.
- Uneven Frets: Check for uneven frets. If some frets are higher than others, they can cause buzzing.
Addressing these common issues will help you maintain your 12-string guitar. Regular maintenance and attention to detail will keep your instrument in excellent playing condition.
7. Exploring Alternate Tunings for Your 12-String Guitar
Experimenting with alternate tunings can unlock new sonic possibilities and inspire creativity on your 12-string guitar. Different tunings create unique chord voicings and textures. Here are some popular alternate tunings for 12-string guitar:
7.1 Open D (DADF#AD)
- Description: This tuning is commonly used in blues and folk music. It creates a rich, resonant sound with easy access to D major chords.
- How to Tune:
- Tune the 6th string (E) down to D.
- Tune the 3rd string (G) up to F#.
- Leave the other strings as standard.
- Benefits: Easy to play slide guitar, creates a drone-like effect, and allows for open D major chords.
7.2 Open G (DGDGBD)
- Description: Another popular open tuning, Open G is often used in blues, rock, and country music. It’s known for its bright, jangly sound.
- How to Tune:
- Tune the 6th string (E) down to D.
- Tune the 5th string (A) down to G.
- Tune the 1st string (E) down to D.
- Leave the other strings as standard.
- Benefits: Easy to play slide guitar, facilitates open G major chords, and provides a full, harmonically rich sound.
7.3 DADGAD
- Description: This tuning is popular in Celtic and fingerstyle guitar music. It creates a mystical, ethereal sound with a strong emphasis on the D note.
- How to Tune:
- Tune the 6th string (E) down to D.
- Tune the 2nd string (B) down to A.
- Tune the 1st string (E) down to D.
- Leave the other strings as standard.
- Benefits: Creates a drone-like effect, facilitates complex fingerstyle arrangements, and provides a unique harmonic palette.
7.4 Standard Tuning (EADGBE)
- Description: A standard tuning with doubled strings, the octave and unison pairings create a shimmering, chorus-like effect that enhances the guitar’s natural resonance.
- How to Tune:
- Follow the traditional EADGBE tuning, ensuring each pair is correctly intonated.
- Benefits: Familiar chord shapes, versatility across genres, and the signature 12-string sound that’s both rich and sparkling.
7.5 Minor Third Up (G#C#F#BbD#G#)
- Description: Raising the standard tuning by a minor third (three semitones) increases string tension significantly.
- How to Tune:
- Tune each string three semitones higher than standard: G#, C#, F#, Bb, D#, G#.
- Benefits: Shorter scale length feel, brighter tone, but requires careful monitoring of neck tension.
7.6 Capo Use
- Description: Using a capo raises the overall pitch of the guitar, allowing you to play in different keys without retuning.
- How to Use:
- Attach the capo to the desired fret, ensuring it applies even pressure across all strings.
- Benefits: Quickly change keys, experiment with higher registers, and create a brighter tone.
When experimenting with alternate tunings, always tune carefully to avoid breaking strings or damaging the guitar. Start with small adjustments and use a tuner to ensure accurate tuning. Alternate tunings can open up new creative avenues and expand your musical horizons on the 12-string guitar.
8. Famous 12-String Guitar Players and Their Signature Sounds
Many famous guitar players have used the 12-string guitar to create iconic and memorable sounds. Here are some notable artists and their signature 12-string guitar contributions:
8.1 Leo Kottke
- Genre: Acoustic Fingerstyle
- Signature Sound: Known for his intricate fingerpicking style and use of alternate tunings, Kottke’s 12-string guitar work is characterized by its complex harmonies and percussive elements.
- Notable Tracks: “Vaseline Machine Gun,” “Crow River.”
8.2 Roger McGuinn (The Byrds)
- Genre: Folk Rock
- Signature Sound: McGuinn’s use of a Rickenbacker 12-string guitar helped define the sound of The Byrds, characterized by its jangly, chiming tone.
- Notable Tracks: “Mr. Tambourine Man,” “Turn! Turn! Turn!”
8.3 George Harrison (The Beatles)
- Genre: Rock
- Signature Sound: Harrison used the 12-string guitar on several Beatles tracks, adding a rich, full texture to their sound.
- Notable Tracks: “A Hard Day’s Night,” “If I Needed Someone.”
8.4 Jimmy Page (Led Zeppelin)
- Genre: Rock
- Signature Sound: Page used a 12-string guitar to add depth and texture to Led Zeppelin’s acoustic tracks.
- Notable Tracks: “Stairway to Heaven,” “Over the Hills and Far Away.”
8.5 Richie Havens
- Genre: Folk
- Signature Sound: Havens was known for his percussive strumming style and use of open tunings on his 12-string guitar.
- Notable Tracks: “Freedom (Motherless Child),” “Here Comes the Sun.”
8.6 Other Notable Players
- John Denver: Known for his folk and country songs, often featuring a 12-string guitar.
- Gordon Lightfoot: A Canadian singer-songwriter known for his storytelling and use of the 12-string guitar.
- Peter Buck (R.E.M.): Used a Rickenbacker 12-string guitar to create the signature sound of R.E.M.
These artists have demonstrated the versatility and unique sonic qualities of the 12-string guitar. Their contributions have inspired countless guitar players and continue to influence music today.
9. Where to Find More Resources and Connect with Other Guitar Players
To further enhance your guitar playing skills and connect with a community of like-minded musicians, numerous resources and platforms are available. These resources offer valuable learning materials, gear reviews, and opportunities to share your passion with others.
9.1 Online Guitar Lessons and Tutorials
- guitarplayers.net: Offers a wide range of lessons suitable for all skill levels, covering techniques, theory, and song tutorials.
- YouTube Channels: Many guitar instructors offer free lessons and tutorials on YouTube. Channels like Marty Music, JustinGuitar, and Paul Davids are highly recommended.
- Online Courses: Platforms like Coursera and Udemy provide structured guitar courses taught by experienced instructors.
9.2 Guitar Tabs and Sheet Music
- Ultimate-Guitar.com: A comprehensive website with a vast collection of guitar tabs and chord charts for various songs and genres.
- Musicnotes.com: Offers a wide selection of official sheet music for guitar, piano, and other instruments.
- Free Guitar Tabs: Provides free guitar tabs and resources for learning new songs.
9.3 Gear Reviews and Product Information
- Guitar World: A leading guitar magazine with in-depth reviews of guitars, amplifiers, pedals, and other gear.
- Premier Guitar: Offers gear reviews, interviews with guitar players, and articles on guitar techniques.
- Sweetwater: An online retailer with detailed product descriptions, customer reviews, and demo videos.
9.4 Online Forums and Communities
- guitarplayers.net Forum: guitarplayers.net hosts an active forum where guitar players can ask questions, share tips, and connect with others.
- Reddit (r/guitar): A popular subreddit for guitar players to discuss gear, techniques, and music.
- The Gear Page: A forum dedicated to guitar gear enthusiasts, with discussions on amps, pedals, and guitars.
9.5 Local Music Stores and Instructors
- Local Music Stores: Visit your local music store to try out different guitars, get advice from experienced staff, and connect with other musicians in your area.
- Private Instructors: Consider taking private lessons from a qualified guitar instructor to receive personalized feedback and guidance.
By utilizing these resources, you can expand your knowledge, improve your skills, and connect with a vibrant community of guitar players. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced player, there’s always something new to learn and discover in the world of guitar.
10. FAQ: Restringing a 12-String Guitar
Here are some frequently asked questions about restringing a 12-string guitar:
10.1 How often should I restring my 12-string guitar?
You should restring your 12-string guitar every 1-3 months, depending on how often you play. If the strings sound dull or feel dirty, it’s time for a change.
10.2 Can I use regular 6-string strings on a 12-string guitar?
No, you cannot use regular 6-string strings on a 12-string guitar. You need a set of strings specifically designed for 12-string guitars.
10.3 What gauge strings should I use on my 12-string guitar?
Light gauge strings (.010-.047) are generally recommended for 12-string guitars to avoid excessive tension on the neck.
10.4 Do I need any special tools to restring a 12-string guitar?
While not essential, a string winder and bridge pin puller (for acoustic guitars) can make the process easier.
10.5 How do I keep my strings from slipping at the tuning pegs?
Ensure you wind the strings correctly around the tuning pegs and have at least 2-3 wraps to create a tight lock.
10.6 Why do my strings break soon after restringing?
Check the nut and bridge saddles for sharp edges that can cause strings to break. Smooth these surfaces with fine-grit sandpaper.
10.7 How do I tune a 12-string guitar?
Use an electronic tuner or tune by ear, following the standard tuning (EADGBE) with octave pairings on the E, A, D, and G strings.
10.8 What are some common alternate tunings for a 12-string guitar?
Popular alternate tunings include Open D (DADF#AD) and DADGAD.
10.9 Can I use coated strings on my 12-string guitar?
Yes, coated strings can extend the lifespan of your strings by protecting them from dirt and moisture. Elixir strings are a popular choice.
10.10 Where can I find more resources and connect with other guitar players?
Visit guitarplayers.net for lessons, tabs, gear reviews, and a community forum. You can also find resources on YouTube, online courses, and local music stores.
Restringing a 12-string guitar can seem daunting, but with the right knowledge and tools, it becomes a manageable task. Remember to follow these steps carefully, maintain your instrument properly, and explore new musical possibilities. For more in-depth guides, lessons, and a vibrant community of guitar enthusiasts, visit guitarplayers.net. Address: 1140 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States. Phone: +1 (617) 747-2261. Website: guitarplayers.net. Explore our lessons, reviews, and forums to take your guitar playing to the next level. Join our community today and share your passion for music!
