How To Play A 12 String Acoustic Guitar: A Comprehensive Guide?

Playing the 12 string acoustic guitar opens up a world of rich, resonant sounds for guitar players of all levels, and at guitarplayers.net, we’re here to guide you on that journey. This guide will give you the knowledge and skills you need to master this unique instrument, from understanding its tuning and chord voicings to exploring its versatility across different genres. So, if you are wondering how to play a 12 string guitar, let’s get started.

1. Understanding the 12 String Acoustic Guitar

What makes a 12 string guitar so special? Let’s explore its unique construction and sonic characteristics.

1.1. What Is A 12 String Guitar?

A 12 string guitar is a guitar with twelve strings instead of the usual six, giving it a richer, fuller sound. The strings are arranged in pairs, also known as courses, which are typically played together. According to Guitar World, this configuration creates a chorus-like effect, enhancing the instrument’s natural resonance.

1.2. How Does It Differ From a 6 String Guitar?

The key difference lies in the number of strings and their arrangement.

Feature	6 String Guitar	12 String Guitar
Number of Strings	6	12 (arranged in 6 courses)
Sound	Standard guitar sound	Richer, fuller, chorus-like effect
Neck Width	Generally narrower	Generally wider to accommodate the extra strings
Tension	Lower overall string tension	Higher overall string tension
Tuning	Standard tuning (EADGBE)	Similar, with octave pairs for lower strings
Playability	Often easier for beginners due to less tension	Can require more finger strength and precision

1.3. What Are The Benefits of Playing a 12 String Guitar?

Playing a 12 string guitar offers several unique benefits:

Fuller Sound: The doubled strings create a naturally chorus-like effect, making the guitar sound richer and more vibrant.
Unique Timbre: The octave strings add harmonic complexity, giving the guitar a distinctive shimmer and depth.
Versatility: While often associated with folk and rock, a 12 string guitar can be used in various genres, including country, blues, and pop.
Expressiveness: The enhanced resonance and harmonic complexity allow for a wider range of expressive possibilities.

1.4. What Are The Challenges of Playing a 12 String Guitar?

Despite its advantages, playing a 12 string guitar also presents some challenges:

Increased String Tension: The doubled strings create higher tension, which can make the guitar harder to play, especially for beginners.
Wider Neck: The wider neck can be difficult for players with smaller hands to navigate comfortably.
Tuning Complexity: Tuning twelve strings can be more time-consuming and require a more precise ear.
Finger Fatigue: The higher string tension and wider neck can lead to finger fatigue, especially during long practice sessions.

2. Tuning Your 12 String Acoustic Guitar

How do you properly tune a 12 string guitar? Proper tuning is essential for achieving the characteristic sound of a 12 string guitar and avoiding potential damage to the instrument.

2.1. What Is Standard Tuning for a 12 String Guitar?

Standard tuning for a 12 string guitar is similar to that of a 6 string guitar but with octave pairings for the lower four courses. The string pairs are tuned as follows:

E (x2): The first course consists of two E strings tuned in unison.
B (x2): The second course consists of two B strings tuned in unison.
G (G3/G2): The third course has a G string tuned to G3 and another tuned an octave lower to G2.
D (D3/D2): The fourth course has a D string tuned to D3 and another tuned an octave lower to D2.
A (A2/A1): The fifth course has an A string tuned to A2 and another tuned an octave lower to A1.
E (E2/E1): The sixth course has an E string tuned to E2 and another tuned an octave lower to E1.

2.2. What Tools Do I Need To Tune My Guitar?

To tune your 12 string guitar accurately, you will need:

Electronic Tuner: An electronic tuner is the most accurate and convenient way to tune your guitar. Chromatic tuners are ideal as they can detect any note.
Tuning Fork or Pitch Pipe: A tuning fork or pitch pipe tuned to A440 can be used as a reference pitch.
Smartphone Tuning App: There are many free and paid smartphone apps available that can help you tune your guitar.
Your Ear: While it may take practice, training your ear to recognize when a string is in tune is a valuable skill.

2.3. Step-by-Step Guide to Tuning a 12 String Guitar

Follow these steps to tune your 12 string guitar:

Start with the Lower E String Pair: Tune the lower E string (6a) to standard E2. Then, tune the octave string (6b) to E1, an octave lower.
Tune the A String Pair: Tune the lower A string (5a) to standard A2. Then, tune the octave string (5b) to A1, an octave lower.
Tune the D String Pair: Tune the lower D string (4a) to standard D3. Then, tune the octave string (4b) to D2, an octave lower.
Tune the G String Pair: Tune the lower G string (3a) to standard G3. Then, tune the octave string (3b) to G2, an octave lower.
Tune the B String Pair: Tune both B strings (2a and 2b) in unison to standard B3.
Tune the High E String Pair: Tune both high E strings (1a and 1b) in unison to standard E4.
Double-Check the Tuning: Once you’ve tuned all the strings, go back and double-check each one, as tuning one string can sometimes affect the others.
Stretch the Strings: Gently stretch each string by pulling it away from the fretboard to help it settle in and maintain its tuning longer.
Fine-Tune: Make any necessary fine adjustments to ensure all strings are perfectly in tune.

2.4. What Are Some Alternative Tunings for a 12 String Guitar?

While standard tuning is most common, exploring alternative tunings can unlock new sonic possibilities. Here are a few popular options:

Drop D Tuning (DADGBE): Tune the low E string down a whole step to D. This tuning is popular in rock and metal and can create a heavier, more resonant sound.
Open G Tuning (DGDGBD): Tune the low E string down a whole step to D and the high E string down a whole step to D. This tuning is commonly used in blues and slide guitar and creates a rich, open sound.
Open D Tuning (DADF#AD): Tune the low E string down a whole step to D, the G string down a whole step to F#, and the high E string down a whole step to D. This tuning is popular in folk and fingerstyle guitar and creates a bright, resonant sound.
DADGAD Tuning (DADGAD): This is a popular alternative tuning known for its drone-like quality and suitability for Celtic and folk music.
Nashville Tuning: Nashville tuning involves replacing the lower four string pairs (E, A, D, G) with strings tuned an octave higher than standard tuning.

Experimenting with different tunings can open up new creative avenues and inspire unique musical ideas.

3. Basic Chords on a 12 String Acoustic Guitar

Ready to start playing some chords? Let’s explore some of the essential chord shapes on a 12 string guitar.

3.1. What Are The Easiest Chords To Learn On A 12 String Guitar?

Starting with simple chords is a great way to get comfortable with the 12 string guitar. Here are some of the easiest chords to learn:

G Major: A fundamental chord in many genres, G major is easy to form and sounds great on a 12 string.
C Major: Another essential chord, C major, is easy to play and provides a bright, uplifting sound.
D Major: D major is a versatile chord used in countless songs.
E Minor: E minor is a simple minor chord that adds a touch of melancholy to your playing.
A Minor: A minor is another essential minor chord that is easy to learn and sounds great on a 12 string.

3.2. Chord Diagrams and Finger Placement

Here are some chord diagrams to help you learn these basic chords:

G Major
- String 6: 3rd fret (G)
- String 5: 2nd fret (A)
- String 1: 3rd fret (G)
C Major
- String 5: 3rd fret (C)
- String 4: 2nd fret (E)
- String 2: 1st fret (C)
D Major
- String 3: 2nd fret (A)
- String 2: 3rd fret (D)
- String 1: 2nd fret (F#)
E Minor
- String 5: 2nd fret (B)
- String 4: 2nd fret (E)
A Minor
- String 5: Open (A)
- String 4: 2nd fret (E)
- String 2: 1st fret (C)

3.3. Tips for Forming Chords Cleanly on a 12 String Guitar

Forming chords cleanly on a 12 string guitar can be challenging due to the increased string tension and wider neck. Here are some helpful tips:

Use Proper Finger Placement: Make sure your fingertips are just behind the frets to get a clear sound.
Apply Adequate Pressure: Apply enough pressure to fret the strings cleanly, but avoid pressing too hard, as this can cause finger fatigue.
Keep Your Fingers Arched: Arch your fingers to avoid muting adjacent strings.
Practice Regularly: Consistent practice will build finger strength and dexterity, making it easier to form chords cleanly.

3.4. Common Chord Progressions for Beginners

Here are a few common chord progressions that are perfect for beginners:

G – C – D: This classic progression is used in countless songs across various genres.
C – G – Am – F: This progression is another popular choice and offers a slightly more complex sound.
Am – G – C – F: This progression is commonly used in folk and pop music.
E Minor – C – G – D: This progression provides a melancholic feel and is excellent for ballads.

4. Playing Techniques for 12 String Acoustic Guitar

What techniques can you use to get the most out of your 12 string? Let’s explore different playing styles and techniques.

4.1. Strumming Techniques

Strumming is a fundamental technique for playing a 12 string guitar. The doubled strings create a natural chorus effect, making strumming sound especially rich and full.

Basic Strumming Patterns: Start with simple downstrokes and upstrokes. Experiment with different rhythms and dynamics to add variety to your playing.
Using a Pick vs. Fingers: Both picks and fingers can be used for strumming. Picks provide a brighter, more articulate sound, while fingers offer a warmer, more nuanced tone.
Controlling Dynamics: Varying the force with which you strum can create dynamic contrast and add emotion to your playing.
Muting Techniques: Muting strings with your palm or fingers can create percussive effects and add rhythmic interest.

4.2. Fingerpicking Techniques

Fingerpicking involves using your fingers to pluck individual strings, creating intricate melodies and harmonies.

Travis Picking: This technique involves using your thumb to play a steady bass line while your fingers pluck the melody.
Arpeggios: Arpeggios involve playing the notes of a chord one at a time, creating a flowing, harp-like sound.
Alternating Thumb: This technique involves alternating between the bass strings with your thumb while your fingers play the melody on the higher strings.
Combining Strumming and Fingerpicking: Experiment with combining strumming and fingerpicking to create unique textures and rhythms.

4.3. Playing Melodies and Lead Lines

While the 12 string guitar is often used for rhythm playing, it can also be used to play melodies and lead lines.

Using Scales and Modes: Familiarize yourself with scales and modes to create interesting and melodic lead lines.
Bending Strings: Bending strings can add emotion and expression to your playing.
Using Slides: Slides involve sliding your finger along the fretboard to create a smooth, gliding effect.
Hammer-Ons and Pull-Offs: These techniques involve creating notes by hammering down on a fret or pulling off a string, adding fluidity to your playing.

4.4. Advanced Techniques

For more experienced players, here are some advanced techniques to explore:

Harmonics: Harmonics involve lightly touching a string at a specific point to create a clear, bell-like tone.
Tapping: Tapping involves using your fingers to tap notes on the fretboard, creating fast and intricate passages.
Alternate Tunings: Experimenting with alternate tunings can open up new sonic possibilities and inspire unique musical ideas.
Using a Capo: A capo can be used to change the key of a song without having to change your fingerings.

5. Choosing the Right 12 String Acoustic Guitar

How do you select the best 12 string guitar for your needs? Let’s look at the factors to consider when buying a 12 string guitar.

5.1. What Are The Different Types of 12 String Guitars?

12 string guitars come in various types, each with its own unique characteristics.

Dreadnought: Dreadnought guitars are the most common type of acoustic guitar, known for their large body and powerful sound.
Grand Auditorium: Grand Auditorium guitars are smaller than dreadnoughts and offer a more balanced tone, making them ideal for fingerpicking and strumming.
Jumbo: Jumbo guitars are the largest type of acoustic guitar, known for their deep, resonant sound.
Travel-Size: Travel-size guitars are smaller and more compact, making them ideal for travel and practice.

5.2. What Are The Key Factors To Consider When Buying a 12 String Guitar?

When choosing a 12 string guitar, consider the following factors:

Budget: Determine how much you’re willing to spend, as prices can range from a few hundred dollars to several thousand.
Body Wood: The type of wood used for the guitar’s body affects its tone. Common woods include spruce, mahogany, and rosewood.
Neck Material: The neck material also affects the guitar’s tone and playability. Common materials include mahogany and maple.
Playability: Consider the guitar’s neck profile, string spacing, and action (the height of the strings above the fretboard).
Electronics: If you plan to plug in your guitar, consider models with built-in pickups and preamps.
Brand and Reputation: Research different brands and read reviews to get an idea of the quality and reliability of different guitars.
Scale Length: The scale length of a guitar is the distance from the nut to the bridge.
Nut Width: The nut width is the width of the neck at the nut.
Bracing Pattern: The bracing pattern is the internal structure of the guitar’s top that helps to support it and shape its tone.
Finish: The finish of a guitar is the coating that protects the wood and gives it its appearance.

5.3. What Are Some Recommended 12 String Guitar Brands?

Some of the most reputable 12 string guitar brands include:

Taylor: Taylor guitars are known for their exceptional craftsmanship and balanced tone.
[Image of Taylor 12 string acoustic guitar with alt text Taylor 12 string acoustic guitar showcasing its elegant design and craftsmanship.]
Martin: Martin guitars are renowned for their rich, resonant sound and historical significance.
[Image of Martin 12 string acoustic guitar with alt text Martin 12 string acoustic guitar highlighting its classic design and warm tone.]
Guild: Guild guitars are known for their powerful sound and robust construction.
[Image of Guild 12 string acoustic guitar with alt text Guild 12 string acoustic guitar emphasizing its powerful sound and durable build.]
Seagull: Seagull guitars are known for their innovative designs and affordable prices.
Fender: Fender guitars are known for their quality and value.

5.4. Where Can I Buy A 12 String Guitar?

You can buy a 12 string guitar from various sources:

Local Music Stores: Visiting local music stores allows you to try out different guitars and get expert advice.
Online Retailers: Online retailers like Guitar Center and Sweetwater offer a wide selection of guitars and accessories.
Used Market: Websites like Reverb and Craigslist are great places to find used guitars at discounted prices.

6. Maintaining Your 12 String Acoustic Guitar

How do you keep your 12 string guitar in top condition? Proper maintenance is crucial for preserving the sound and playability of your 12 string guitar.

6.1. How Often Should I Change My Strings?

Changing your strings regularly is essential for maintaining the optimal sound and playability of your 12 string guitar.

Factors Affecting String Life: The frequency with which you need to change your strings depends on several factors, including how often you play, your playing style, and the type of strings you use.
Signs That Your Strings Need Replacing: Common signs that your strings need replacing include a dull or lifeless sound, difficulty staying in tune, and visible signs of wear and tear.
Recommended String Change Frequency: As a general rule, you should change your strings every 1-3 months if you play regularly.

6.2. How Do I Clean My Guitar?

Cleaning your guitar regularly will help keep it looking and sounding its best.

Cleaning the Body: Use a soft, lint-free cloth to wipe down the body of your guitar after each playing session.
Cleaning the Neck: Use a damp cloth to clean the neck of your guitar, removing any dirt or grime.
Polishing the Finish: Use a guitar polish to keep the finish of your guitar looking shiny and new.

6.3. Humidity Control

Maintaining proper humidity levels is crucial for preventing damage to your guitar.

Ideal Humidity Levels: The ideal humidity level for a guitar is between 45% and 55%.
Using a Humidifier: Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air in dry environments.
Using a Dehumidifier: Use a dehumidifier to remove moisture from the air in humid environments.
Storing Your Guitar Properly: Store your guitar in a case when you’re not playing it to protect it from changes in humidity and temperature.

6.4. Professional Setups and Repairs

Consider taking your guitar to a professional for regular setups and repairs.

What Is a Setup?: A setup involves adjusting various aspects of your guitar, such as the action, intonation, and neck relief, to optimize its playability.
When to Get a Setup: You should get a setup at least once a year, or more often if you notice any issues with your guitar’s playability.
Finding a Qualified Technician: Look for a qualified technician with experience working on 12 string guitars.

7. Popular Songs To Play On A 12 String Acoustic Guitar

What songs sound great on a 12 string? Here are some popular songs that sound amazing on a 12 string guitar.

7.1. Classic Rock Songs

Classic rock songs often feature the distinctive sound of a 12 string guitar.

“Hotel California” by The Eagles: The intro features a iconic 12 string guitar riff.
“Wish You Were Here” by Pink Floyd: The intro features a shimmering 12 string guitar arpeggio.
“Stairway to Heaven” by Led Zeppelin: The song features a beautiful 12 string guitar intro.

7.2. Folk and Acoustic Songs

The 12 string guitar is a natural fit for folk and acoustic music.

“Hallelujah” by Leonard Cohen: The song features a simple yet powerful 12 string guitar arrangement.
“Tangled Up in Blue” by Bob Dylan: The song features a driving 12 string guitar rhythm.
“The Boxer” by Simon & Garfunkel: The song features a delicate 12 string guitar accompaniment.

7.3. Country Songs

The 12 string guitar has also made its mark in country music.

“Crazy” by Willie Nelson: The song features a soulful 12 string guitar backing.
“Ring of Fire” by Johnny Cash: The song features a distinctive 12 string guitar riff.
“Take It Easy” by The Eagles: The song features a laid-back 12 string guitar rhythm.

7.4. Modern Pop Songs

Even in modern pop music, the 12 string guitar can add a unique touch.

“Free Fallin'” by Tom Petty: The song features a simple yet effective 12 string guitar riff.
“Wonderwall” by Oasis: The song features a catchy 12 string guitar intro.
“Viva la Vida” by Coldplay: The song features a soaring 12 string guitar melody.

8. Famous 12 String Guitar Players

Who are some of the most influential 12 string guitarists? Let’s celebrate some of the musicians who have mastered the instrument.

8.1. Pioneers of the 12 String Guitar

These musicians helped popularize the 12 string guitar.

Lead Belly: An American folk and blues musician notable for his strong vocals, virtuosity on the twelve-string guitar.
Pete Seeger: An American folk singer and activist who used the 12 string guitar to accompany his songs of social justice.

8.2. Rock and Pop Icons

These rock and pop musicians have used the 12 string guitar to create some of the most iconic songs of all time.

George Harrison: The Beatles guitarist used the 12 string guitar on many of the band’s most famous songs, including “A Hard Day’s Night” and “If I Fell.”
[Image of George Harrison playing a 12 string guitar with alt text George Harrison with his iconic Rickenbacker 12 string guitar, creating timeless Beatles melodies.]
Roger McGuinn: The Byrds guitarist was known for his distinctive 12 string guitar sound, which helped define the sound of folk-rock.

8.3. Folk and Acoustic Masters

These folk and acoustic musicians have showcased the beauty and versatility of the 12 string guitar.

Leo Kottke: An American acoustic guitarist known for his innovative fingerpicking style and his use of the 12 string guitar.
Gordon Lightfoot: A Canadian singer-songwriter known for his storytelling lyrics and his use of the 12 string guitar.

8.4. Contemporary 12 String Guitarists

These modern musicians continue to push the boundaries of the 12 string guitar.

Sungha Jung: A South Korean acoustic guitarist known for his intricate fingerstyle arrangements and his use of the 12 string guitar.
Andy McKee: An American acoustic guitarist known for his innovative tapping techniques and his use of the 12 string guitar.

9. Exploring Different Genres with a 12 String Acoustic Guitar

Can you use a 12 string in different musical styles? Let’s see how versatile this instrument can be.

9.1. Folk Music

The 12 string guitar is a natural fit for folk music, adding richness and depth to traditional songs and melodies. Its full, resonant sound complements vocal harmonies and acoustic arrangements, making it a popular choice among folk musicians.

9.2. Rock Music

In rock music, the 12 string guitar can be used to create a variety of textures and effects, from shimmering arpeggios to driving rhythm parts. It can add a unique sonic dimension to both electric and acoustic rock songs, providing a fuller, more dynamic sound.

9.3. Country Music

The 12 string guitar is often used in country music to add warmth and depth to ballads and upbeat tunes alike. Its rich, resonant sound complements the genre’s traditional instrumentation, providing a fuller, more engaging listening experience.

9.4. Pop Music

Even in pop music, the 12 string guitar can be used to add a unique and distinctive touch. Whether it’s used for strummed chords, fingerpicked melodies, or arpeggiated textures, the 12 string guitar can help create memorable and engaging pop arrangements.

9.5. Blues Music

The 12-string guitar may not be as commonly associated with blues as the 6-string, but it can still be used to great effect in the genre. Its fuller sound can add depth and resonance to blues rhythms, while its octave strings can create interesting harmonic textures.

10. Resources for Learning 12 String Acoustic Guitar

Where can you find more information and lessons? There are many resources available to help you learn to play the 12 string guitar.

10.1. Online Lessons and Tutorials

Online lessons and tutorials offer a convenient and affordable way to learn the 12 string guitar. Websites like YouTube, TrueFire, and Udemy offer a wide variety of lessons for players of all levels.

10.2. Guitar Teachers

Taking lessons from a qualified guitar teacher can provide personalized instruction and feedback, helping you progress more quickly.

10.3. Books and Sheet Music

Books and sheet music can provide valuable information on technique, theory, and repertoire.

10.4. Online Communities and Forums

Online communities and forums like the Guitar Noise Forums offer a great way to connect with other 12 string guitar players, ask questions, and share tips and advice.

10.5. GuitarPlayers.net

At guitarplayers.net, we are committed to providing you with the resources you need to master the 12 string guitar. Explore our lessons, reviews, and community forums to enhance your playing skills. Our address is 1140 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States, and you can reach us at +1 (617) 747-2261.

FAQ

1. Is it harder to play a 12 string guitar?

Yes, a 12 string guitar can be harder to play initially due to the increased string tension and wider neck. However, with practice and proper technique, most players can adapt.

2. Do 12 string guitars need special strings?

Yes, 12 string guitars require strings specifically designed for them. These strings are designed to withstand the higher tension and provide the correct octave pairings.

3. Can I use a capo on a 12 string guitar?

Yes, you can use a capo on a 12 string guitar. However, you may need a capo specifically designed for 12 string guitars to accommodate the wider neck and string spacing.

4. How do I prevent my 12 string guitar from going out of tune?

To prevent your 12 string guitar from going out of tune, make sure to stretch your strings properly when you first put them on. Also, store your guitar in a case when you’re not playing it to protect it from changes in temperature and humidity.

5. What is the best way to store a 12 string guitar?

The best way to store a 12 string guitar is in a hard-shell case in a room with stable temperature and humidity levels. This will protect it from damage and help it stay in tune.

6. Can I convert a 6 string guitar into a 12 string guitar?

No, you cannot convert a 6 string guitar into a 12 string guitar. The neck and body of a 12 string guitar are specifically designed to handle the increased tension of the extra strings.

7. How do I choose the right gauge strings for my 12 string guitar?

Choosing the right gauge strings for your 12 string guitar depends on your playing style and the type of guitar you have. Lighter gauge strings are easier to play but may not produce as full a sound, while heavier gauge strings provide a fuller sound but require more finger strength.

8. Can I use alternate tunings on a 12 string guitar?

Yes, you can use alternate tunings on a 12 string guitar. However, it’s important to be careful when experimenting with alternate tunings, as some tunings can put excessive stress on the neck and body of the guitar.

9. How do I amplify a 12 string acoustic guitar?

You can amplify a 12 string acoustic guitar using a variety of methods, including using a microphone, a soundhole pickup, or a built-in pickup system.

10. Is it possible to play fingerstyle on a 12 string guitar?

Yes, it is absolutely possible to play fingerstyle on a 12 string guitar. The wider neck and increased string tension can make it more challenging than on a 6 string guitar, but with practice, you can achieve beautiful and intricate fingerstyle arrangements.

Ready to unlock the full potential of your 12 string acoustic guitar? Visit guitarplayers.net now to discover our extensive library of lessons, explore in-depth gear reviews, find your favorite sheet music, and connect with a vibrant community of guitar enthusiasts in the USA. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned pro, guitarplayers.net is your ultimate resource for all things guitar. Start your musical journey today!